户外方向判断及如何走出困境
<span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">你可以在林中找一棵树桩，根据它的年轮来识别方向，因为其年轮总是南面的宽而弱面的窄；你可以观察一棵独立的树，其南侧的枝叶茂盛而北侧的则稀疏。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">你可以根据蚂蚁的洞穴来识别方向。因为妈蚁的洞口大都是朝南的；在岩石众多的地方，你也可以找一块醒目的岩石来观察，岩石上布满苍苔的一面是北侧，干燥光秃的一面为南侧。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">如果在星光灿烂的夜晚，则可以根据星辰来识别方向：先找到天上的北斗星，沿着其“勺柄”，找到第六与第七颗星，根据两点决定一条直线的数学原理，将这两颗星连接成一条直线，并在这条连线的延长线上找到比较明亮的一颗北</span><a href="http://www.8264.com/pinpai-801370" class="keyword" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0) !important; text-decoration: none; font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">极星</a><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">，从“勺柄”到较明亮的那颗北极星，正好指示着从南到北的方向。如果是在冬天，由于</span><a href="http://rizhao.8264.com/" class="keyword" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0) !important; text-decoration: none; font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">日照</a><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">的原因，积雪难以融化的部位总是朝向</span><a href="http://www.8264.com/pinpai-802592" class="keyword" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0) !important; text-decoration: none; font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">北面</a><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">的。此外还有庙宇、宝塔、一般住房大都坐北朝南，伊斯兰教的清真寺门则朝东开。此外还有利用北极星判断方向、各个季节的自然风向、沙漠沙丘地表形态等判别方向。方向的判别要具体情况具体分析，综合判断。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">野外判别方向的方法与经验很多，常用的较实用的方法有：</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">指南针（指北针）：</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">可准备一只刻度清晰的小型指南针，市面上卖的迷你指南针有的刻度极易使人迷惑，较好的是一种液态填空型的为佳，购买时须确信不要有漏隙，面内</span><a href="http://www.8264.com/pinpai-886692" class="keyword" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0) !important; text-decoration: none; font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">无</a><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">气泡。在具体使用时须确保水平使用。野外军用及地质队用的常见型号有：六二式、六五式、ZBZ—80式为佳，使用简单，方便携带。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">手表判断法：</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">地球24小时自转360度，故1小时为15度，而手表转一周360度为12小时，即较太阳快1倍，这样可用手表与太阳粗略测定方位。早晨6时太阳在</span><a href="http://bbs.8264.com/thread-1003108-1-1.html" class="keyword" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0) !important; text-decoration: none; font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">东方</a><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">，影子指向西方，将表盘时针6指向太阳，表盘上12便指向西方；如将表盘顺转90度，即将6除2为3，则3指向太阳，此时12便指北方；同样在中午12时，太阳位于南方，将12除2为6，则6指向太阳，则12便指北方。依此法测定方向缺点是最好要考虑地方时差，以免出现方位的偏差，但不妨作为大概方位的简易判断。 </span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">植物判别法：</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">常言道：“万物生长靠太阳”，掌握这一特征后，即使在无太阳的阴天也可通过观察判断方向。如：大石块、树主干南面的草生长的较旺盛，秋天南面的草也枯萎的较快；树皮一般为南面的较光滑，北面的较粗糙，有的树在其北面树皮上有许多裂纹及疙瘩，这种现象在白桦树上表现特明显；松柏类及杉树在树干上流出的胶脂南面的较北面多且易结成较大的块；秋季里许多果树朝南的果实结的较多，尤其以苹果、红枣、柿子、柑橘等为明显，果实在成熟时也是朝南的先变色；长在石头上的青苔喜阴湿，以北面为多旺；积雪的融化多是先融化朝南的一面；</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">野外迷失方向后，如何走出困境 </span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">1、发现迷失方向后，先登高望远，俗话说的好：“站的高看的远”，在山地尤其如此，先爬上山脊观察，通常应朝地势低的地方走，这样易于找到水源，顺河而行最为</span><a href="http://bx.8264.com/" class="keyword" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(0, 0, 0) !important; text-decoration: none; font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">保险</a><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">，这点在高山森林探险中尤为重要。常言道：“水能送人归家”就是这个道理。因为道路、居民点通常为临河而筑。山脊也有一定的导向功能，只要沿山脊前进，通常可抵达某个目标。在实际工作中我们多次反复告戒游客：“走脊不走沟”，因为沟内除了易长荆棘外，还有极为危险的松动的滚石。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">2、在广阔的沙漠及雪原上，因景物单一，由于一般人在无参照物情况下行走会出现左脚步较右脚步大0.1—0.4mm，这在行进中往往又不知觉，最后造成在3—5公里范围内走圈圈，极易出现俗话说的：“鬼打墙”。这样在上述地区可使用“叠标线法”，即利用三点一线来维持方向的直线性。具体可每走一段路做一标记（如：放石头、插树枝或在树干上刻记号等）</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">3、通常人常走的路其表面因多次践踏而坚硬，有路型。但并非所有的路都是人走的，若上半身常碰到藤条，而下半身却无此类杂物缠绕，则此路可能为野兽出没的路，必须立即放弃，返回。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">4、当走到岔路口时，道路多也令人困惑，此时先明确方向，再选路；如几条路方向大致相同，无法判断时，不妨选择中间的路，这样可以左右逢源，即使错了，也不会偏差太大。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; "/><span style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); font-family: Tahoma, Helvetica, SimSun, sans-serif, Hei; line-height: 21px; ">最后提醒大家，一但遇到此类问题，首先镇定，要有坚定的信心，其次是利用相关知识判断方向，作出决定。万一走不出来可设法制作求救信号：可在高处燃放火堆，白天燃烟为佳，每分钟6次。这是国际上通用的求救信号。总之，只要有坚强的信念，通过努力，一定能走出困境，进入“柳暗花明”的境地。</span> 以前看过类似这样的知识 <div id="textstyle_3" style="FONT-SIZE: 14px; OVERFLOW: hidden; WORD-BREAK: keep-all; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; WORD-WRAP: break-word">进来学习一<img title="点击查看大图" alt="图片点击可在新窗口打开查看" src="https://www.mayi.sg/images/emot/em03.gif"align="middle" border="0" />，唐总辛苦了</div> 用手表和指南针最方便 学习野外常识！！！！！！！！ 呵呵……长知识了！不过俺手表直接有指南针，所以备用了 <div class="quote"><b>以下是引用<i>wxmaxi</i>在2013-04-14 13:10:00的发言：</b><br/>呵呵……长知识了！不过俺手表直接有指南针，所以备用了 </div><br>俺有指北针，呵呵 糖总辛苦了。 <br>顶了 】
<br> 先顶了再说 <br><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: tahoma, helvetica, simsun, sans-serif, hei; COLOR: rgb(68,68,68)">“你可以根据蚂蚁的洞穴来识别方向。因为妈蚁的洞口大都是朝南的；在岩石众多的地方，你也可以找一块醒目的岩石来观察，岩石上布满苍苔的一面是北侧，干燥光秃的一面为南侧。”</span>
<br><span style="LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: tahoma, helvetica, simsun, sans-serif, hei; COLOR: rgb(68,68,68)">蚂蚁的洞穴在甩棍杂谈</span> 帮顶..... 顶糖总一个 知识贴，帮顶。 这个贴很好，很实用，关键时刻是可以救命的！只是看过之后记不住
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